normal carotid doppler peak systolic velocity

NORMAL CAROTID DOPPLER PEAK SYSTOLIC VELOCITY PORTABLE

11 demonstrated that coronary endothelial dysfunction independently predictedĪcute cardiovascular events.

10 Thus, it is reasonable to assume that studying suitable parameters of bloodįlow in the arterial vasculature is possibly a method that could be utilised toĮstimate cumulative cardiovascular risk. Result in such in endothelial dysfunction. Vascular flow patterns can be affected by characteristics of the arterial wall and Figure 1 summarises the methods that could be used to assess the state Although it is the state of theĬoronary arteries that is of paramount interest in the development of coronary heartĭisease (CHD) it is seen that endothelial dysfunction represents a systemic disorder Tempting to speculate that assessing the state of the endothelium could beīeneficial in assessing the risk of the individual. Endothelial dysfunction is considered reversible by risk factor 8 Both, risk and protective factors of CVD may influence the integrity of theĮndothelium. Proliferation are considered important in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Vascular wall properties such as endothelial function, inflammation and smooth muscle 7 A scheme of various options assessing real time atherogenesis is presented inĪ scheme of risk factors and the various options to assess real timeĪtherogenesis together with possible mechanisms to investigate the state of all of which have effects on cardiovascular risk. Treatment is often targeted at improving glycaemic control, dyslipidaemia, Such assessment would be useful in a patient with diabetes where Risk reduction when multifaceted risk reduction intervention is available in the NHS Pathogenesis of CVD would be useful to determine therapeuticĬurrently there is no routinely non-invasive method to directly study cumulative Ideally a near-patient estimation of a non-invasive marker involved in the

RCTs may not accurately translate to such patients encountered in a routine 6, 7 Evidence from randomisedĬontrolled trials (RCT) seldom investigates interaction of parallel treatmentĮffects, which is common in clinical practice. Further, as clustering of risk factors is often present many of the riskįactors are simultaneously addressed in the same patient. 4, 5Īlthough this approach of treating risk factors would be expected to result inīenefit, it is impossible to estimate benefit non-invasively whilst treating the NICE guidelines, Joint British Societies guidelines. Prevention and have resulted in various guidelines for each of the above-mentioned 3 These trials have formed the cornerstone of an evidence-based approach to CVD 2 Importantly many intervention studies treating each of these modifiable riskįactors have led to lowering of CVD. Hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, diabetes, smoking in addition to age, male gender andĪ positive family history. 1 Studies such as the Framingham Heart Studies and Munster Heart Study haveĮstablished that CVD is associated with modifiable risk factors such as Is routinely available in general practice, is a suitable assessment tool.Ĭardiovascular disease (CVD) accounted for nearly a quarter of deaths in the UK

NORMAL CAROTID DOPPLER PEAK SYSTOLIC VELOCITY PORTABLE

P = 0.042 and (ii) that low-cost, portable ultrasound, which Velocity being associated with CHD individuals without CHD: mean (SD) = 62.8 Our study identified (i) that mean peak systolic (PS) With atheroma was associated with coronary heart disease (CHD), thusĮstablishing its feasibility and acceptability as a clinical tool and suggestingĪreas for future research. Velocity profiles and assess whether any of the measured and calculated factors,īased on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation, known to be associated Was to validate a low-cost measurement technique for obtaining blood flow Risk that accurately estimates real time risk by measuring blood flow factorsĪssociated with the pathogenesis of atheroma. It is impossible to estimate theīenefit of risk factor modification in the individual patient and extrapolatingĭata from multiple trials is difficult. Modifiable risk factors (dyslipidaemia, hypertension and diabetes) and treatingĮach of these factors lowers the risk of CVD. People dying annually from it than from any other cause. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the highest cause of death globally with more

Normal carotid doppler peak systolic velocity